编译 | 未玖Science, 26 AUG 2022, VOL 377, ISSUE 6609《科学》2022年8月26日，第377卷，6609期物理学PhysicsTunable light-induced dipole-dipole interaction between optically levitated nanoparticles光学悬浮纳米粒子间的可调光致偶极-偶极相互作用▲ 作者：JAKOB RIESER, MARIO A. CIAMPINI, HENNING RUDOLPH, NIKOLAI KIESEL, KLAUS HORNBERGER, BENJAMIN A. STICKLER, ET AL.▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9941▲ 摘要：光学捕获纳米粒子阵列已成为研究复杂非平衡现象的平台。与原子多体系统类似，关键要素之一是精确控制粒子间相互作用的能力。然而，迄今为止研究的光学相互作用仅提供有限可调的保守光学结合力。在这项工作中，研究组利用了驱动光诱导偶极-偶极相互作用的光场间相位相干性来耦合两个纳米粒子。此外，他们还有效地关闭了光学相互作用，并观察到带电粒子之间的静电耦合。该研究结果为开发具有可调非互易相互作用的互动纳米粒子完全可编程多体系统提供了一条途径，这有助于探索悬浮纳米粒子阵列中的纠缠和拓扑相。▲ Abstract：Arrays of optically trapped nanoparticles have emerged as a platform for the study of complex nonequilibrium phenomena. Analogous to atomic many-body systems, one of the crucial ingredients is the ability to precisely control the interactions between particles. However, the optical interactions studied thus far only provide conservative optical binding forces of limited tunability. In this work, we exploit the phase coherence between the optical fields that drive the light-induced dipole-dipole interaction to couple two nanoparticles. In addition, we effectively switch off the optical interaction and observe electrostatic coupling between charged particles. Our results provide a route to developing fully programmable many-body systems of interacting nanoparticles with tunable nonreciprocal interactions, which are instrumental for exploring entanglement and topological phases in arrays of levitated nanoparticles.Resonant metasurfaces for generating complex quantum states产生复杂量子态的共振超表面▲ 作者：TOMS SANTIAGO-CRUZ, SYLVAIN D. GENNARO, OLEG MITROFANOV, SADHVIKAS ADDAMANE, JOHN RENO, IGAL BRENER, ET AL.▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq8684▲ 摘要：量子态工程是量子光子技术的基石，主要依赖于自发参数下转换和四波混频，其中一个或两个泵浦光子自发衰减为光子对。这两种非线性效应都需要参与光子的动量守恒，这严重限制了所产生量子态的通用性。非线性超表面具有亚波长厚度，放宽了这种限制；当与共振结合时，非线性超表面极大地扩展了量子态工程的可能性。研究组在具有连续共振高质量因子、准束缚态的半导体超表面，通过自发参量下转换产生纠缠光子。通过增强量子真空场，该超表面在多个窄共振带和宽光谱范围内增强了非简并纠缠光子的发射。在多个波长下泵浦的同一样品中，单个共振或多个共振可以产生多频量子态，包括簇态。这些特征揭示了超表面可作为量子信息复杂状态的通用来源。▲ Abstract：Quantum state engineering, the cornerstone of quantum photonic technologies, mainly relies on spontaneous parametric downconversion and four-wave mixing, where one or two pump photons spontaneously decay into a photon pair. Both of these nonlinear effects require momentum conservation for the participating photons, which strongly limits the versatility of the resulting quantum states. Nonlinear metasurfaces have subwavelength thickness and allow the relaxation of this constraint; when combined with resonances, they greatly expand the possibilities of quantum state engineering. Here, we generated entangled photons via spontaneous parametric downconversion in semiconductor metasurfaces with high–quality factor, quasi-bound state in the continuum resonances. By enhancing the quantum vacuum field, our metasurfaces boost the emission of nondegenerate entangled photons within multiple narrow resonance bands and over a wide spectral range. A single resonance or several resonances in the same sample, pumped at multiple wavelengths, can generate multifrequency quantum states, including cluster states. These features reveal metasurfaces as versatile sources of complex states for quantum information.Massively degenerate coherent perfect absorber for arbitrary wavefronts任意波前的大规模简并相干完美吸收体▲ 作者：YEVGENY SLOBODKIN, GIL WEINBERG, HELMUT HRNER, KEVIN PICHLER, STEFAN ROTTER AND ORI KATZ▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq8103▲ 摘要非厄米光子学的一个关键见解是，诸如激光器之类的成熟概念可以反向操作以实现相干完美吸收体（CPA）。尽管在概念上很吸引人，但迄今为止，此类CPA仅限于单一的、形状合理的波前或模式。研究组演示了如何通过时间反转简并腔激光器来克服这一限制，该激光器基于一个独特的腔，它可以自我成像任何入射光场。将一个弱的、临界耦合的吸收体放置在该腔中，任何入射波前（即使是一个复杂的、动态变化的散斑图案）在大规模平行干涉过程中都以接近完美的效率被吸收。这些特性为光采集、能量传输、光控制和成像等领域的应用开辟了吸引人的新可能性。▲ Abstract：One of the key insights of non-Hermitian photonics is that well-established concepts such as the laser can be operated in reverse to realize a coherent perfect absorber (CPA). Although conceptually appealing, such CPAs are limited so far to a single, judiciously shaped wavefront or mode. Here, we demonstrate how this limitation can be overcome by time-reversing a degenerate cavity laser based on a unique cavity that self-images any incident light field onto itself. Placing a weak, critically coupled absorber into this cavity, any incoming wavefront, even a complex and dynamically varying speckle pattern, is absorbed with close to perfect efficiency in a massively parallel interference process. These characteristics open up interesting new possibilities for applications in light harvesting, energy delivery, light control, and imaging.材料科学Materials ScienceGrowth rules for irregular architected materials with programmable properties具有可编程特性的不规则结构材料的生长规律▲ 作者：KE LIU, RACHEL SUN, AND CHIARA DARAIO▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn1459▲ 摘要：生物材料显示了几何不规则且功能高效的微结构。了解不规则性在确定材料性能中的作用，为设计具有优异功能的材料提供了一条新途径，如缺陷不敏感性、增强冲击吸收和应力重定向。研究组使用一个增长启发的程序来揭示基本、概率的结构-属性关系，该程序唤起自然系统中随机结构的形成。这个虚拟增长程序对有限数量的基本元素强加了一套局部规则。从非常有限的初始资源开始，它产生的材料在功能特性上表现出很大的变化，这反映了生物系统的多样性。研究组确定了控制机械性能的基本规则，通过在一个通用的、基于图形代表的不规则材料中，独立改变微观结构的拓扑和几何性质。▲ Abstract：Biomaterials display microstructures that are geometrically irregular and functionally efficient. Understanding the role of irregularity in determining material properties offers a new path to engineer materials with superior functionalities, such as imperfection insensitivity, enhanced impact absorption, and stress redirection. We uncover fundamental, probabilistic structure–property relationships using a growth-inspired program that evokes the formation of stochastic architectures in natural systems. This virtual growth program imposes a set of local rules on a limited number of basic elements. It generates materials that exhibit a large variation in functional properties starting from very limited initial resources, which echoes the diversity of biological systems. We identify basic rules to control mechanical properties by independently varying the microstructure’s topology and geometry in a general, graph-based representation of irregular materials.Structurally integrated 3D carbon tube grid–based high-performance filter capacitor结构集成的3D碳管栅极高性能滤波电容器▲ 作者：FANGMING HAN, OU QIAN, GUOWEN MENG, DOU LIN, GAN CHEN, SHIPING ZHANG, ET AL.▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abh4380▲ 摘要：滤波电容器在确保电气和电子设备的质量和可靠性方面发挥着关键作用。铝电解电容器是最常用的，但也是最大的滤波元件，限制了装置的小型化。双电层电容器的高面积、高体积电容本应使其成为理想的小型化滤波电容器，但其缓慢的频率响应阻碍了性能发展。研究组报道了互连和结构集成的碳管栅极双电层电容器的开发，具有高面积电容和快速频率响应。这些电容器在数字电路、便携式电子设备和电器低压操作下表现出对120赫兹电压信号的出色线滤波和体积优势。这些发现为开发用于小型化滤波器和功率器件的双电层电容器提供了可靠的技术基础。▲ Abstract：Filter capacitors play a critical role in ensuring the quality and reliability of electrical and electronic equipment. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are the most commonly used but are the largest filtering components, limiting device miniaturization. The high areal and volumetric capacitance of electric double-layer capacitors should make them ideal miniaturized filter capacitors, but they are hindered by their slow frequency responses. We report the development of interconnected and structurally integrated carbon tube grid–based electric double-layer capacitors with high areal capacitance and rapid frequency response. These capacitors exhibit excellent line filtering of 120-hertz voltage signal and volumetric advantages under low-voltage operations for digital circuits, portable electronics, and electrical appliances. These findings provide a sound technological basis for developing electric double-layer capacitors for miniaturizing filter and power devices.
